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radiografi ragione ragione-religione-amorevolezza ratio fundamentalis institutionis salesiana ratio institutionis (et studiorum) Ratisbonne regionale regione Regno di Dio regola di vita cristiana Regolamenti Regolamenti per le case salesiane Regolamento dell'Oratorio Regolamento di Vita Apostolica RVA regolatore Regolatori della Ricreazione religione religione popolare rendiconto(1) rendiconto(2) repertorio domestico responsabile Responsabile Maggiore rete di corrispondenti Rettor Maggiore rettorato Rettore Santuario Ricaldone, Pietro ricavi Ricceri, Luigi ricoverati ridimensionamento Rifugio rilanciare Rinaldi, Filippo risignificazione rispetto umano ritiratezza ritiro, ritiro mensile, trimestrale ritorno alle fonti rosario Rede Salesiana de Escolas RSE Rua, Michele Rualink

ORIGINAL	ENGLISH	COMMENT	CITATION
radiografia [IT]	overview	Avoid transliterating as 'radiography', which exists in English but with an entirely different meaning to the one intended here. A core element of the English term radiography - a kind of x-ray view of things, is certainly part of the meaning of the Italian term as used in Salesian texts, but it would be misleading to use that term in translation.	CG20:...Ispettorie ne desiderano un numero maggiore, con competenze ben definite; cfr Radiografia dei primi
ragione [IT]	reason	Especially in the trinomial of reason, religion, loving-kindness	DBbodrato:..D. Bosco se ne sbrigava con due parole: Religione e Ragione sono le molle di tutto il mio sistema
ragione-religione-amorevolezza [IT]	reason-religion-loving kindness	The most celebrated of Don Bosco's trinomials, expressing the core of the Preventive System. In its Italian form the term may include the article for each noun, may be capitalised also, or may appear without hyphens. Similarly for its English gloss (no articles, however). The order of the items in the term does not vary in either language. The Logo adopted by the General Administration depicts what could be understood as a house with three columns. The columns are intended, in the official explanation of the Logo, to represent the terms of this trinomial.	Anim87Capitolo 1:...sistema preventivo e nelle sue tre grandi risorse: ragione, religione, amorevolezza.
ratio fundamentalis institutionis salesiana [IT]	Salesian Formation Ratio	Another way of describing the Salesian Formation Ratio.
ratio institutionis (et studiorum) [IT]	Ratio	Nearly always glossed by its shorter title. Refers to the setting out of the processes of formation studies required by the General Church law for all Religious Congregations and even for secular priesthood.	EG06-Ministeri e Ordini Sacri:..esse alla 'Ratio Institutionis et Studiorum' (FSDB) salesiana.
Ratisbonne [IT]	Salesian Theological Institute Ratisbonne or Studium Theologicum Salesianum Sts Peter and Paul	Salesian Seminary and Study centre in Jerusalem which used be located at Cremisan near Bethlehem. The building, 130 years old, is the property of the Holy See and was administered initially by the Congregation founded by a Jewish convert to Christianity (he converted in France), Fr. Marie-Alphonse Ratisbonne. The female branch of the Congregation is known as the Sisters of Sion. Often we see 'Salesian Monastery' in the official title in documents intended for within Israel - this is to fulfil Israeli law regarding its status. The Houses at Cremisan and at Beit Jamal are also known as monasteries. The administration at Ratisbonne seem to prefer to use the rather mixed (languagewise) second designation: ''Studium Theologicum Salesianum Sts Peter and Paul'', at least as an official letterhead in Salesian circles.
regionale [IT]	regional (councillor)	The term functions as both a noun - person (Regional) and an adjective. The regional is a relatively new institution in the Congregation and pertains more to the notion of animation than of government; the Regional, even though often termed 'regional superior' in common parlance, is not a superior per se, canonically speaking. He does function in this role by specific appointment as a Visitor on behalf of the Rector Major, however. Regionals (and therefore regions) were introduced by the 19th General Chapter. Tasks of Regional are (1) to promote a more direct link between provinces and RM and council (2) look after interests of provinces assigned to them (3) ensure knowledge of local situations in council discussions. Cf. also Conferenza ispettoriale.	Costituzioni:..con votazione distinta. Ogni consigliere regionale viene eletto preferibilmente su...
regione [IT]	region	The constitution of the groups making up regions is the task of the General Chapter--this form of organisation came into being with GC 19.	SSCS:.."I centri editoriali che operano in una stessa nazione o regione..
Regno di Dio [IT]	Kingdom of God	Has many synonymous terms: 'Kingdom of the Father', 'Kingdom of Christ', 'Kingdom of justice, love and peace'. Regarded as a central Christian and theological mystery with implications for proclamation. Term usually capitalised. The Special General Chapter made an appeal to every province in the Congregation to spare personnel for the building up of the Kingdom of God - here the phrase is understood in its missionary dimension, especially mission ''ad gentes''.	RATIO02:..del Regno di Dio tra i giovani. "Vivere e lavorare insieme - affermano le Costituzioni - '
regola di vita cristiana [IT]	Rule of Christian Life	Still today the essential title of the regulations for Cooperators, but see its more official form under'' Regolamento''. In this sense it takes up the more general meaning of Rule of Life as something belonging to the Christian and deriving from the Gospels. Nevertheless the term 'rule of life' has more general reference, even to our own Constitutions, cf. For example Vigan� ACG 348 p. 25. When we capitalise the term to indicate Rule of Life we may be referring to the renewed fundamental code of life (our Rule, Constitutions, Directories etc) as required by Vat. II of all religious congregations.Also a phrase of Don Bosco's.
Regolamenti [IT]	Regulations	As in the 'Constitutions and Regulations'.	SDB-Regolamenti: Regolamenti generali
Regolamenti per le case salesiane [IT]	Regulations for Salesian Houses	Published by Don Bosco in 1877.
Regolamento dell'Oratorio di S. Francesco di Sales in Valdocco [IT]	Regulations for the Oratory of St. Francis de Sales in Valdocco	Don Bosco's regulations or statutes are less a case of foundational codices and more a case of lived experiences condensed into regulatory form. The Oratory did not begin from its Rules but preceded them by some years.
Regolamento di Vita Apostolica RVA [IT]	Regulations of Apostolic Life RAL	Old version of 'Rule' for Salesian Cooperators. Now the Salesian Cooperators have a single Project of Apostolic Life (PAL) which consists of Statutes and Regulations, hence for this latter the reference is Project of Apostolic Life: Regulations.
regolatore [IT]	moderator	E.g. of General or Provincial Chapter. In Italian there may also be a ''moderatore'', but he is likely to be one who controls a particular session under the general direction of the ''regolatore''. English is more likely to extend the phrase to 'moderator of a session' or similar.	DBCircolari:..Scolastico della nostra Societ�, che avr� l'uffizio di Regolatore nel Capitolo Generale.
Regolatori della Ricreazione [IT]	Recreation Monitors	A role at the Oratory in DB's time.
religione [IT]	religion	As part of the trinomial reason, 'religion, loving-kindness'. For DB the term most likely meant the Catholic Religion.	DBdomsav.txt - santa nostra cattolica Religione,
religione popolare [IT]	popular religion	When we meet this term in contemporary Salesian discourse it is most likely not being used in the sociological sense of strange practices of tribal peoples, but in the sense that Don Bosco's approach to religion was 'for the people.' He was interested in the religiosity of ordinary people. Devotion to Mary Help of Christians typifies what we mean in Salesian discourse by popular religion. DB's religion was nothing if not Marian and for all (Christians, in his context).
religioni [IT]	religions	The term is deliberately in the plural in both languages. When DB spoke of ''religione'', besides the fundamental virtue of religion, he had in mind the one true Catholic Religion, and all others were false! Today it is not just that we need to bear in mind this older use of the plural term, but that today also there is an ongoing and difficult debate about inter-religious dialogue.	DBscritti:..trovarvi pi� contenti del vostro stato. E se nelle varie Religioni si trovano anche dei..
rendiconto [IT]	manifestation	A now largely obsolete term replaced by 'friendly talk' between member of the community and the Rector.	DBmem:..Non dimentichi mai il rendiconto mensile per quanto � possibile;
rendiconto [IT]	financial report	An accounting term in regular use for Salesian finances.	AGC382 - economia:.. Il 3rendiconto annuale da inviarsi all'Economo Generale.
repertorio domestico [IT]	House List	Very early document in DB's own hand with information on residents at Valdocco between 1847-53. It tells us that people other than young boarders stayed at Valdocco, e.g. two priests and a seminarian who paid their way.
responsabile [IT]	the one in charge, the one responsible	Avoid glossing with forms like 'incharge' or 'in-charge', which appear to be falling into the trap of transliteration rather than translation.	CSmanImprese:..e diretto del responsabile principale
Responsabile Maggiore [IT]	Moderator General	Term applied to the one in charge of the VDB or CDB. The term would be impossible to gloss adequately in English by retaining the ''responsabile'' in some transliterated English form. So the solution is to use the better-understood 'Moderator..'. We have become accustomed to 'Rector Major', but are definitely not accustomed to 'Responsible Major'! The problem is that while 'Rector' is at least a noun in English, 'responsible' is an adjective.
rete di corrispondenti [IT]	correspondents' network	In reference to ANS, the Salesian international news agency. Each province or region is to encourage correspondents to provide news for ANS.	SSCS:.g) Organizzare e coordinare la rete di corrispondenti in tutte le aree geografiche
Rettor Maggiore [IT]	Rector Major	The plural form is probably 'Rectors Major' but by analogy with 'sergeant major' could also be 'Rector Majors'. However, since 'Rector' is the chief element in the term it most likely receives the plural indicator.	DBmem:..raccomandazioni e gli avvisi per chi, nelle due congregazioni da lui fondate, esercita l'autorit�: Il Rettor Maggiore,
rettorato [IT]	term of office of Rector Major	Should not be glossed as 'rectorate' in English.	Chavez ACG381:..-valutazioni di questo ormai primo anno di rettorato.
Rettore Santuario [IT]	Rector of the Shrine	Refers to a Church, not a religious community.
Ricaldone, Pietro [IT]	Ricaldone, Peter	Rector Major from 1932 to 1951.Peter Ricaldone, the fourth successor of Don Bosco, governed the Salesian Congregation for around twenty years. A man with notable gifts of intellect and government, he gave considerable impulse to the spiritual and professional formation of Salesians, to the development of institutes of higher culture (witness the Pontilifical Salesian University - UPS),missionary expansion, to catechetical and apologetic animation, to publishing and Mass Media enterprises, and to many other sizeable initiatives. Faithful to the spirit of Don Bosco, he was a man of exceptional religious and organizational temperament. Twice he travelled the world, bringing with that his depth of direction, capacity for heartfelt understanding, and the gradual promotion of locals as well as consideration for emigrants. He multiplied the numbers of professional institutes, assuring them everywhere of the necessary specialised technical personnel. His concern was for the whole Congregation to the point where he saw professed numbers double over a few short years, but always strictly faithful to its origins. During the '30's at the time of the Spanish Revolution, he animated and comforted, often in secret, with a heart and spirit that took him beyond the divisions of that event.

He was also the author of well-received publications. His publishing and socially-minded work in this respect shines out particularly in an Agricultural Library (Biblioteca Agrariana Solariana) of 140 volumes in which, from the time of his leadership in Spain, he had updated current concepts in this arena. He wrote for workers and contractors. And throughout his life he published other works, reinforcing the notion of Don Bosco the Educator not just in theory but in practice. His thinking: in the difficulties of the War (1941) he established that in every Salesian Province there might be a house for young orphaned or refugee children, and that at least some very needy youngsters be received free of charge in each institution.|| ||

ricavi [IT]	revenues	Accounting terminology.
Ricceri, Luigi [IT]	Luigi Ricceri	Rector Major from 1965 to 1977. Luigi Ricceri was a Sicilian. From the moment of his election he clearly and succinctly declared what would become his basic programme of government: 'Forward with Don Bosco alive today, in order to respond to the needs of our time and the expectations of the Church'. He pursued this intention consistently through to the end of his mandate, on the eve of which Don Ricceri again reaffirmed: 'The objects of our mission is the young, thrust by our era into a position of central importance. They have become an explosive and uncontainable force... His period as Rector Major, at a time of social and cultural upheaval, was accompanied by and tested right from the start by the strong youth reactions of the 60's Besides the young themselves, these times also involved the many institutions connected with them: schools and associations, educators and legislators, state and ecclesial bodies. This 'dynamic fidelity' to the spirit of the Founder is a recurring and emerging theme in the Superior's words and writings, but above all in the concrete initiatives offered in his frequent and well-focused journeys abroad, and in the meetings with those responsible for religious and other sectors. Amongst other things Don Ricceri transferred the General Administration of the Salesian Society to Rome - bringing to fruition an idea already contemplated by earlier Rector Majors. In doing so he split it off from the Mother House in Turin and inserted it more decisively at the spiritual, geographic and organizational heart of the Church.
ricoverati [IT]	poor boys, boys given shelter	Of histroical interest - used by Don Bosco.	MO:.. pericolo, ed i ricoverati non ebbero a lamentare alcun danno personale
ridimensionamento [IT]	redimensioning	Catch-cry of the post-conciliar period. Became part of Salesian vocabulary from GC 19 onwards, where it was referred to as a controlled development of all our works (''sviluppo regolate delle nostre opere'').	POI:..il ridimensionamento e la ristrutturazione dei fronti d'impegno e di sviluppo dell'Ispettoria
Rifugio [IT]	The Refuge	In Salesian parlance a reference to the establishment run by the Marchioness Barolo in Turin where DB first began his pastoral ministry. Its full title was ''Opera Pia sotto la protezione di Maria Vergine Rifugium Peccatorum''. In English this could be rendered as The Home of Our Lady, Refuge of Sinners.	MO: ..Sacro ministero - Scelta di un impiego presso al Rifugio (settembre 1844)
rilanciare [IT]	reinvigorate, relaunch		Vigan� ACG334:..Un appellativo, quindi, che intende rilanciare tra i giovani il gusto di Dio, la festa della vita,
Rinaldi, Filippo [IT]	Rinaldi, Philip	1856-1931. Followed Fr. Rua as Rector Major. We refer to Rinaldi by his Anglicised Christian name but tend to retain Don instead of Fr. This seems to be a traditional fact The person is well-known so we Anglicise the Christian name, but we keep the traditional 'end' of the term by calling him Don Philip Rinaldi. Beatified in 1990.
risignificazione [IT]	giving new meaning or importance to	As with many Italian substantives it is best not translated by a single noun.	CG25:..La risignificazione della presenza
rispetto umano [IT]	human respect		DBGiovprov.:..ogni rispetto umano, e sebbene pi� volte deriso e burlato, tuttavia
ritiratezza	climate of recollection, flight from the world, withdrawal from the world, aloofness from the world	While the word appears but 6 times in this form in MO, it becomes a key interpretative concept for Don Bosco's personal spirituality	MO:.. i doveri di scuola. Amavano ambidue la ritiratezza e la piet�, e mi davano costantemente buoni consigli.
ritiro, ritiro mensile, trimestrale [IT]	(Monthly)(Three monthly) Recollection	The term actually means 'retreat', but is normally used for the monthly brief retreat. Distinct from the annual retreat or ''esercizi spirituali''.	ACG384 - scrutinium paupertatis:..modo informale, ma anche con modalit� pi� specifiche in occasione del ritiro trimestrale
ritorno alle fonti [IT]	return to the sources	A term belonging to ''Perfectae Caritatis,'' Vatican II, in reference to the renewal of Religious Life. In this document is it especially a return to the Word of God and the Liturgy, but also to the first inspirations of the Founder. Salesian literature employs the term especially in reference to Don Bosco, the Oratory.	PV2:..rinnovamento della vita religiosa da tenere presenti: il 'ritorno alle fonti
rosario [IT]	The Rosary	The term can mean either what it technically means, 150 Hail Mary's with an Our Father at the beginning and a Glory be at the end of groups of ten, divided into 3 sets of five mysteries each - or five decades of one set of mysteries. Salesian tradition has always made the Rosary prominent in its practice, at one time said during Mass as a way of keeping the boys occupied! Nowadays Salesians are encouraged still to recite five decades daily either privately or in a group.	SDB-Regolamenti:..Oltre al rosario, in cui Maria insegna ai suoi figli come unirsi ai misteri di Cristo
Rede Salesiana de Escolas RSE [PT]	Salesian School Network (Brazil)
Rua, Michele [IT]	Rua, Michael	1837-1910, first successor of St John Bosco. English refers to him as Don Rua, Don Michael Rua. We Anglicise the Christian name since he is so well known, but keep the Italian Don as a traditional reference. That does not stop anyone from referring to him as Fr Rua of course. Beatified 1972.
Rualink [IT]	RuaLink	An email news-link emanating from the GBR Province. It goes not only to members of this province but to other parts of the English-speaking world, though mainly deals with information relating to GBR.		(:nl:)