| ORIGINAL | ENGLISH | COMMENT | CITATION |
|---|
| facoltà [IT] | school | Cf. the entry under scuola | RATIOCH03:...I centri superiori di studio, come accademie o facoltà di teologia, di filosofia.. |
| famiglia [IT] | family | One Salesian reference is to the Salesian Family, but the other, more basic reference is to 'family spirit', especially that which had its historical origins in Valdocco with Mamma Margaret. However it is worth considering the use of the term 'family', at least in English (but not only), in the light of the path this term is following in society at large and amongst Salesians. Essentially its use is extending and we must also bear in mind that it has negative connotations also. 'Family' comes from the Latin ''familia'', which itself comes from ''famulus'', meaning 'servant'. In the earliest recorded uses in English, at the turn of the fifteenth century, 'family' reflected that background, meaning the servants of a house or the retinue of a nobleman. By Tudor times it had come to mean all the people living in a house, including parents and children as well as servants. It also meant all those descending from a common ancestor. This nuance is recorded as early as the fifteenth century, in Scotland, but was established in England by the time of Shakespeare. "Come they of noble family?" asks Henry V, rhetorically, of the conspirators against him. We use the word 'family' to denote a group consisting of parents and their children; they do not have to live under the same roof. That sense did not emerge until surprisingly late. The OED's first citation is from ''Paradise Lost'', published in 1667. Parents and children living together form a 'nuclear family', an expression coined in 1924 by the anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski, who believed it to be common to all cultures. He also coined 'extended family', some 20 years later. No family is more extended than 'the family', which is what members of the Mafia call the particular criminal fraternity to which they belong: they don't have to be blood relations. Interestingly the word also meant a criminal association in the eighteenth and nineteenth century English slang. J.H. Vaux's ''A New And Comprehensive Vocabulary of the Flash Language'', published in 1812 notes: "Thieves, sharpers, and all others who get their living upon the cross [ie dishonestly], are comprehended under the title of 'The Family'". 'Family' has long been used as an adjective, where it means not only pertaining to the domestic, as in 'family life', 'family matter', and 'family business', but also 'safe or 'unobjectionable'. 'Family entertainment' and 'family viewing' are first recorded in 1960, just as they were coming under threat from a new wave of liberalism. Such developments offend against 'family values', an American phrase that is a favourite of politicians of a conservative stamp. (Notes taken from The Tablet, 20 September 2008, p. 44). | PGmanCapitolo 3:..Salesiana la comunità. Una comunità che coinvolge, in clima di famiglia, giovani e adulti, |
| Famiglia Salesiana [IT] | Salesian Family | Applied in different ways to different groups according to degree of adherence. | RATIOch06:...collaborazione con i laici e con altri membri della Famiglia Salesiana. |
| Famiglia spirituale [IT] | spiritual family | The term is wider than that of 'Salesian Family'. It refers to that vastness of pastoral charity in Don Bosco that wished to link and even aggregate (a technical term of his) people to his service for the glory of God and the salvation of souls. cf.also congregati. The universal Church refers to the 'families' which arise from a charism as spiritual families of the Founder. When Don Bosco was founding his work, he began by founding the Cooperators )not called by that name at the time and the Society of St Francis de Sales, both of which were really, in his thinking the Work of the Oratory, a single entity, then. When it came to the foundation of the FMA he saw this as aggregating or incorporating that Institute to/in his own. | Vecchi ACG358:..ad alcune Congregazioni, ma ad una Famiglia spirituale, in cui sono da aspettarsi sempre nuove nascite e nuove... |
| famigliarità [IT] | familiarity | In Italian there are two spellings, the older one listed here is that used by Don Bosco. In modern Italian we find 'familiarità'. DB saw the word in both positive and negative terms. He would not have agreed with 'familiarity breeds contempt,' though he would have seen it as a danger to be avoided | DBcastig:...trattare i peccatori con una dimestichezza e famigliarità da produrre in alcuni lo stupore, |
| fanciullo [IT] | youngster | 8-11,12 years of age or thereabouts | Vigano ACG328:...La sua vocazione sacerdotale ebbe sempre come stella polare, fin da fanciullo, la Madonna, e la sua efficacia |
| far professare [IT] | admit to vows/profession | Now a dated expression in its Italian form. | |
| fatevi amare [IT] | make yourself loved | Don Bosco's classic phrase and recommendation to his Salesians. | Viganò ACG326:..- 'Fatevi amare', ci ripete Don Bosco |
| fattura [IT] | invoice | Accounting terminology. | |
| favorire [IT] | foster, on behalf of | Avoid 'to favour' unlòess it is clearly this. | |
| fede cristiana [IT] | Christian faith | Where Don Bosco used the term 'religion' we now use the term 'Christian faith' (often without the capitalised version of 'faith'). Salesian action is geared towards educating young people to a sound and active Christian faith.Today the whole discussion of New Evangelisation revolves around the fact that Christian faith and human existence, human civilisation, have become separated. Faith is privatised instead of being a common thing, commonly expressed and acted upon. | MO:..Da quel giorno cominciò ad essere affezionato alla fede cristiana. |
| fedeltà dinamica [IT] | dynamic fidelity | The term comes from ''Evangelica Testificatio'' 1971. It is used in reference to the founding charism. | ACG363-famsal:..possibili al suo tempo. Oggi, come espressione di fedeltà dinamica alla sua volontà |
| festa salesiana [IT] | Salesian festivity | These joyful and festive features of the primitive Oratory were not lost sight of during its period of development. | CG23:...La festa salesiana non mai manifestazione di un vuoto interiore.. |
| fiction [EN] | telefilm based on real events, real lives. | One might well ask why this word is in the glossary. Because of its recent application to the TV mini-series 'Don Bosco' by Lux Vide and RAI Uno. To gloss this word as 'fiction' in English is likely to lead people to the wrong conclusion. It is a typical example of what can happen when languages come into contact and re-borrowing occurs. The English word has only recently, but forcefully entered the Italian language to describe films (of real events and people such as a biography of DB but Jesus Christ is also a candidate!) which are then transposed into the TV medium. The other word that has entered the language as a twin is 'reality' - to describe the TV medium again but this time for situations that reflect reality but where the events and people are fictional. Strange, but there you have it! | |
| Figli di Maria [IT] | Sons of Mary | The reference is in fact to late vocations and the ''Opera dei Figli di Maria'' or 'Sons of Mary Programme'. More accurately, the Sons of Mary (young men between 16-30) were the fruits of the ''Opera di Maria Ausiliatrice'' or Work of Mary Help of Christians, presented to Pius IX in 1874 along with the proposal for the Salesian Cooperators. Both projects were approved in May 1876 by the Pope. Hence the Sons of Mary were the fruit of the group's effort to recruit and educate priestly vocations. | Viganò ACG341:...I giovani maturi in età furono centinaia. Li chiamò 'Figli di Maria'. Essi rallegrarono i suoi ultimi anni di vita |
| Figlie di Maria Ausiliatrice FMA [IT] | Daughters of Mary Help of Christians (also simply Salesian Sisters) FMA | Founded by St Mary Mazzarello with Don Bosco. 'FMA' is retained for all language versions. The more common colloquial term is Salesian Sisters. The second main branch of the Salesian Family. cf also aggregati | |
| figliuoli [IT] | boys, sons, children | A term used by DB in reference either to the boys at the Oratory or to his Salesians. Cf comment on giovani | DBGiovprov:...miei figliuoli, molti furono in simile guisa ingannati. |
| fioretti [IT] | good actions, small act of sacrifice, little stories | The term has a range of meanings in Salesian use - probably today, the last of the three meanings, 'little stories', is the most common. ''Fioretti salesiani'' are the kinds of little examples, brief personal edifying stories, mostly, (cf. esempio) that visiting Superiors like to tell the community. | DBdomsav:..nove fioretti ovvero nove atti di virtù da praticarsi |
| fisionomia [IT] | special character, shape | Avoid glossing with 'physiognomy'. | Viganò ACG289:...fisionomia del suo spirito evangelico |
| Flash [EN] | FLASH | A technical Salesian term for the annual written collection of statistics sent to the General Administration from the provinces. One of the clearest indications that this is a neologism is revealed by the common presentation of the word in quotation marks, or capitalised. | EG12-Comunicazione fra segretaria ispettoriale e segretaria generale:...I dati statistici (FLASH) a fine anno |
| Fondazione Don Bosco nel Mondo [IT] | Don Bosco in the World Foundation | 'Don Bosco in the World' was the title of a book first published in 1958, an outline in writing and in pictures, of Salesian work around the world. Now adopted as the name of a registered (in Italian law) entity as described. Cf. ONLUS | |
| Fondazione 'Don Bosco Nel Mondo' [IT] | Don Bosco in the World Foundation | See above - this is simnply another form. A formal entity for receiving donations for Salesian causes. | |
| Fondo di solidarietà del Rettor Maggiore [IT] | Rector Major's solidarity fund | Monies usually sent to The Centre by the provinces and disbursed according to need, directly by the Rector Major (though after hearing from the province where the request comes from). | |
| fondo Don Bosco [IT] | fondo Don Bosco | Perhaps best left untranslated since it refers to a division of the central archives that would always need to be indicated in its original version. It has the sense of something kept in trust. | PV9:(Fondo Don Bosco n.1942) |
| Fondo Missioni [IT] | Missions Fund | An official channel via the General Administration for distributing mission funds. | Vecchi ACG364:..Non minore la solidarietà economica che scorre per diversi canali: il fondo missioni, il fondo solidarietà, i notevoli |
| formatore [IT] | formator | An awkward term in English but generally adopted in Church circles. | Chavez ACG387:...formatore di consacrati e, più tardi, di consacrate |
| formazione [IT] | formation, education | Italian is much more like to speak of ''formazione'' where English might use 'education', but the terms ''formazione'' and ''educazione'' are interchangeable in Italian, and refer especially to the gaining of attitudes and understanding. In the context of religious life, formation. E.g. initial and ongoing formation. In the context of schooling - education (e.g. as in ''formazione professionale'', ''formazione dei giovani'') | Animazione missionaria: Favorire la formazione di tutti i soggetti della Comunità Educativa Pastorale alla testimonianza di vita e.. |
| formazione cristiana [IT] | Christian formation (education) | While the meaning of the term if fairly obvious, it helps to understand that it appears, in Salesian documents, often in the context of a description of the services we offer, e.g. through the parish ("a parish that evangelises"), or in the Oratory, or school... Christian formation, then, belongs very much within the ambit of the oratory criterion. | |
| Formazione dei Salesiani di Don Bosco [IT] | Formation of the Salesians of Don Bosco | Title of the ''Ratio Fundamentalis'' | |
| formazione iniziale [IT] | | In general terms refers to a phase in Religious Life for gaining an understanding of criteria and methods that must accompany the young Religious for all of his or her life. Hence it indicates that there is a connection between initial and ongoing formation. The former is in view of the latter. The period of initial formation for a Salesian includes the immediate preparation for novitiate, the novitiate and post novitiate period and preparation for final profession. | SDB-Regolamenti:...prenderne pratica, soprattutto durante il periodo della formazione iniziale . |
| formazione intellettuale [IT] | intellectual formation | One of the main elements of initial formation of the Salesian, along with a humanistic and spiritual formation. Intellectual formation today involves a solid cultural formation as well. In today's climate, also, an intellectual formation needs to be closely integrated with a moral and affective formation. The details of intellectual formation of the Salesian candidate are to be found in FSDB. | ACG388 Collaborazione interispettoriale:.. autorevolezza di orientamento. Oggi quindi indispensabile "una formazione intellettuale... |
| formazione permanente [IT] | continuing formation, ongoing formation | Cf initial formation above. | ACG382 - Coadiutore - :..Non è da trascurare infine la formazione permanente dei salesiani coadiutori, |
| formazione professionale [IT] | vocational training | It may not always refer to 'occupational' of course - could be straight 'technical.' ''Formazione'', ''Formazione Professionale'' are technical terms in Italian education and educational legislation in Italy. cf. comment on professionale elsewhere. | |
| Formazione professionale iniziale [IT] | Initial vocational training | This term is a technical one in Italian educational legislation and probably would not normally be found in its English translation where it does not have a normal equivalent. | |
| formazione specifica [IT] | specific formation | The term is a technical one in the context of the Salesian ''Ratio'' and refers to the differentiation between the candidate for Salesian priesthood and the Salesian Brother. | ACG382 - Coadiutore:...attenzione alle fasi del postnoviziato (FSDB 408-409; 420-421; 424) e della formazione specifica |
| fragilità vocazionale [IT] | vocational frailty | Preferred to 'vocational fragility'. We can say confidently that this is a new term in the Salesian lexicon. The term has become prominent in recent studies by the General Council of motivations for vocational losses. | Chavez ACG389:.. alla fragilità vocazionale dei giovani confratelli. |
| frazione [IT] | | The word is found in Salesian reference usually in its meaning of a small group of houses--even less than a village. Cf also Borgata | |
| Freìsa [IT] | Freìsa | A grape type (name of wine) typical of the Monferrato region around Don Bosco's home town of Castelnuovo. | |
| fuga mundi [LA] | flight from the world | A term in traditional spirituality. | |
| Fusagasugá [ES] | Fusagasugá | Place name in Colombia but refers to a Social Communication project in Latin America begun in 1992 | Chavez ACG380:..Progetto 1Fusagasugá |
