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!! False Friends
The phenomenon of ''faux amis'' or 'false friends' existing between language pairs is well-known and understandable. The phenomenon should be understood in its wider sense: false cognates (word pairs sharing historical links but divergent in meaning), homonymy (same word but different meaning), amongst others. In a Salesian (Don Bosco) context where Italian has been the dominant lexifier for the discourse, we may also expect to find pseudo-Italianisms. ''economer'' would be a classic example. In many instances we have to look at the context to determine the best translation; a rule of thumb would be to look as far as 5 words to the left and 5 to the right of any term one has doubts about.
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||!Italian ||!False friend ||!Preferred equivalent(s)||
||ambiente ||environment || can be such, certainly, but in the case of 'ambiente educativo', for example, given the broader extension of the Italian 'educativo' cf ([[http://www.sdb.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php?n=Termbase.Educator | Educator]]), environment is only one possibility; climate, spirit (i.e. a way of being and acting) ||
||carta||card||Could be 'card', but might also be something along the lines of 'charter'||
||coerenza||coherence||Usually it means 'consistency' e.g. of viewpoint, Where texture is involved the Italian would say 'consistenza'. Of course 'coerenza' can also mean 'coherence'.||
||collaboratore||collaborator||could be 'collaborator' but might also be 'helper', 'co-worker', 'partner'||
||collegio||college||boarding school (though it could be college)||
||colloquio||colloquium||friendly talk, chat||
||colonia||colony||camp (e.g. school camp or summer camp||
||compagno||companion||friend (though it could be companion)||
||condizione||condition||could be 'condition' but often 'situation', 'circumstance'||
||docile||docile||well-behaved, obedient||
||economo||economer||we are stuck with 'Economer General' and 'Provincial Economer', but other cases at local level might employ 'bursar', 'administrator', 'treasurer'...||
||editore||editor||publisher||
||emarginati||emarginated||marginalised, abandoned||
||esercizi spirituali||spiritual exercises||retreat or 'spiritual retreat'||
||fisionomia||physionomy||special character, shape||
||formazione||formation||May well be 'formation' but can also in context be simply 'education'||
||fragilità||fragility||frailty, especially in ''fragilità vocazionale''||
||geniale||genial||clever, gifted, smart||
||giaculatoria||ejaculation||invocation||
||globale||global||may mean 'global' but more likely 'overall'||
||incaricato||incharge, in-charge, inCharge||person in charge||
||integrale||integral||rounded, all-round, holistic, complete...||
||interessare||(to) interest, be interested in||get involved, be concerned with - the Italian term has a sense of necessity, obligation about it||
||irrinunciabile||unrenounceable||'inalienable', or in context, 'essential'||
||itinerario||itinerary||curriculum, 'progress made'||
||lettorato||lectorate||ministry of reader||
||libreria||library||bookshop||
||liminalità||liminality||frontier situation||
||linguaggio||language||could often be 'language' but might also be 'expression', even 'vocabulary'||
||missionario/a||missionary||often it should be rendered simply as mission (adj)||
||Monsignore||Monsignor||It could be 'Monsignor' but in English this person is usually not-quite-a-bishop! Better to say 'Bishop X' or 'Archbishop Y'||
||operativo||operative||could be 'operative' but more likely 'practical', 'working...'||
||orfano||orphan||In English an 'orphan' has usually lost both parents. In Italian one can be 'orphaned' of one parent. This means we may need to spell it out along the lines of 'lost a father/mother' rather than use the term 'orphan'.||
||organico||organic||holistic, systematic, complete...||
||organismi||organisms||groups, bodies, entities...||
||passività||passivity||Careful! It might mean 'liabilities' in accounting||
||pastorale||pastoral||Mostly it refers to 'ministry' in our context||
||paternità||paternity||fatherliness||
||patrimonio||patrimony||it could be 'patrimony' but it might also be 'heritage', 'legacy'||
||pedagogia||pedagogy||Often can be rendered simply by 'education'||
||pietà||piety||it could be 'piety' but it might also be 'devotion'||
||presbiterio||presbytery||sanctuary, presbyterium||
||presidenza||presidency||executive group, committee, though 'presidency' seems to apply in the European Union||
||preventività||preventivity||prevention||
||procura||procure (n.)||(Mission) (and) (Development) Office; in other words combinations of these||
||professionale||professional||it could be 'professional' but might also mean 'technical' as in the case of some ''scuole professionali''||
||profetico||prophetic||it could be 'prophetic' but it might simply mean 'inspired'||
||progetto||project||plan or project, depends essentially on context||
||promozione||promotion||it could be 'promotion' but it might also be 'fostering', 'development' as in 'human development' or 'work' or 'ministry' in the case of ''promozione vocazionale''||
||protocollo||protocol||file number, correspondence register||
||radiografia||radiography, X-Ray||overview||
||regolamento||regulation||'regulations' in the plural, more likely, especially if with capital 'R'||
||Responsabile maggiore||Responsible Major, Major Responsible||Moderator General||
||ricoverati||recovered||It means people given shelter, or taken to hospital or...||
||rilanciare||relaunch||it could be 'relaunch' but might also be 'reinvigorate'||
||rettorato||Rectorate||term of office of Rector Major||
||santuario||sanctuary||shrine or sanctuary - so long as it's the whole building and not just where the altar is!||
||scusa/e||excuse||it could express the idea of an excuse or justification, but might also be properly 'apology' or 'apologies'||
||sessennio||sessennium||six year period||
||sinergia||synergy||it might be synergy, but it might also be simply 'teamwork'||
||territorio||territory||it might be territory but almost always, in a Salesian context, it is better glossed as 'local area'||
||urna||urn||casket, otherwise it's either a Grecian objet d'art or to keep ashes in!||
||vicario||vicar||vice-rector, vice-provincial (though it could be vicar)||
||volontariato||voluntariate||'volunteer movement' , 'volunteer group' preferred||

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