R

The difficulty it provides for translation into English, especially from a contextualized point of view, is considerable for a number of reasons: there is no word 'radicality' in English, but 'radicalism' is tainted with its wide use for current (as of 2012) debate on racism and religion in various parts of the world; the term is abstract, whereas English is more comfortable with something concrete, and that means using it in adjectival form (e.g. radical.....) which inevitably means adding in a noun - radical approach, lifestyle, or whatever according to context :'''radiografia''':''overview'' Avoid transliterating as 'radiography', which exists in English but with an entirely different meaning to the one intended here. A core element of the English term 'radiography' - a kind of x-ray view of things, is certainly part of the meaning of the Italian term as used in Salesian texts, but it could be misleading to use that term in translation :'''ragione''':''reason'' Especially in the three-part phrase 'reason, religion, loving-kindness' :'''ragione-religione-amorevolezza''':''reason-religion-loving kindness'' The most celebrated of Don Bosco's three-part phrases, expressing the core of the Preventive System. In its Italian form the term may include the article for each noun, may be capitalised also, or may appear without hyphens; similarly for its English gloss (no articles, however). The order of the items in the term does not vary in either language :'''ratio fundamentalis institutionis salesiana''':[LA] ''Salesian Formation Ratio'' :'''ratio institutionis (et studiorum)''':''Ratio'' :'''Ratisbonne''':''Salesian Theological Institute Ratisbonne or, Studium Theologicum Salesianum Sts. Peter and Paul'' Salesian Seminary and Study centre in Jerusalem which used be located at Cremisan near Bethlehem. The building, 130 years old, is the property of the Holy See and was administered initially by the Congregation founded by a Jewish convert to Christianity (he converted in France), Fr. Marie-Alphonse Ratisbonne. The female branch of the Congregation is known as the 'Sisters of Sion'. Often we see ''Salesian Monastery'' in the official title in documents intended for within Israel - this is to fulfil Israeli law regarding its status. The Houses at Cremisan and at Beit Jamal are also known as monasteries :'''regionale''':''regional (councillor)'' The term functions as both a noun - person (Regional) and an adjective. The Regional (person) is a relatively new institution in the Congregation and pertains more to the notion of animation than of government; the Regional, even though often termed 'regional superior' in common parlance, is not a superior ''per se'', canonically speaking. He does function in this role by specific appointment as a Visitor on behalf of the Rector Major. Regionals (and therefore Regions) were introduced by the 19th General Chapter. Tasks of the Regional are (1) to promote a more direct link between provinces and RM and council (2) look after interests of provinces assigned to them and (3) ensure knowledge of local situations in council discussions :'''regione''':''Region'' The constitution of the groups making up Salesian regions is the task of the General Chapter -this form of organisation came into being with GC 19 :'''Regno di Dio''':''Kingdom of God'' Has many synonymous terms: 'Kingdom of the Father', 'Kingdom of Christ', 'Kingdom of justice, love and peace'. Regarded as a central Christian and theological mystery with implications for proclamation :'''regola di vita cristiana''':''Christian Rule of Life'' Still today the essential title of the Regulations for Cooperators, but see its more official form under ''Regolamento''. In this sense it takes up the more general meaning of 'Rule of Life' as something belonging to the Christian and deriving from the Gospels. Nevertheless the term 'Rule of life' has more general reference, even to our own Constitutions, cf. for example Vigaṇ ACG 348 p. 25. When we capitalise the term to indicate 'Rule of Life' we may be referring to the renewed fundamental code of life (our Rule, Constitutions, Directories etc) as required by Vat. II of all religious congregations :'''Regolamenti''':''Regulations'' As in the Constitutions and Regulations :'''Regolamenti per le case salesiane''':''Regulations for Salesian Houses'' Published by Don Bosco in 1877 :'''Regolamento dell'Oratorio di S. Francesco di Sales in Valdocco''':''Regulations for the Oratory of St. Francis de Sales in Valdocco'' Don Bosco's regulations or statutes are less a case of foundational codices and more a case of lived experiences condensed into regulatory form. The Oratory did not begin from its Rules but preceded them by some years :'''Regolamento di Vita Apostolica RVA''':''obs.'' ''Regulations of Apostolic Life RAL'' Old version of 'Rule' for Salesian Cooperators. Now the Salesian Cooperators have a single Project of Apostolic Life (PAL) which consists of Statutes and Regulations, hence for this latter the reference is 'Project of Apostolic Life': Regulations :'''regolatore''':''moderator'' e.g. of General or Provincial Chapter. In Italian there may also be a ''moderatore'', but he is likely to be one who controls a particular session under the general direction of the ''regolatore''. English is more likely to extend the phrase to 'moderator of a session' or similar :'''Regolatori della Ricreazione''':''Recreation Monitors'' A role at the Oratory in DB's time :'''religione''':''religion'' For DB the term most likely meant the Catholic Religion :'''religione popolare''':''popular religion'' When we meet this term in contemporary Salesian discourse it is most likely not being used in the sociological sense of strange practices of tribal peoples, but in the sense that Don Bosco's approach to religion was 'for the people.' He was interested in the religiosity of ordinary people :'''religioni''':''religions'' The term is deliberately in the plural in both languages. When DB spoke of ''religione'', besides the fundamental virtue of religion, he had in mind the one true Catholic Religion, and all others were false! :'''rendiconto''':''manifestation, financial report'' The term 'manifestation' is now largely obselete in Salesian usage, replaced by 'friendly talk'. The other meaning is an accounting term :'''Repertorio domestico''':''House List'' Very early document in DB's own hand with information on residents at Valdocco between 1847-53. It tells us that people other than young boarders stayed at Valdocco, e.g. two priests and a seminarian who paid their way. :'''responsabile (noun form)''':''the one in charge, the one responsible'' Avoid glossing with forms like 'incharge' or 'in-charge', which appear to be falling into the trap of transliteration rather than translation :''':'''Responsabile Maggiore''':''Moderator General'' Term applied to the one in charge of the VDB or CDB. The term would be impossible to gloss adequately in English by retaining the ''responsabile'' in some transliterated English form. So the solution is to use the better-understood ''Moderator'' :'''rete di corrispondenti''':''correspondents' network'' In reference to ANS, the Salesian international news agency. Each province or region is to encourage correspondents to provide news for ANS :'''Rettor Maggiore''':''Rector Major'' The plural form is probably 'Rectors Major' but by analogy with 'sergeant major' could also be 'Rector Majors'. However, since 'Rector' is the chief element in the term it most likely receives the plural indicator :'''rettorato''':''term of office of (Rector Major)'' Should not be glossed as 'rectorate' in English :'''Rettore Santuario'':''Rector of the Shrine'' :'''Ricaldone, Pietro''':''Peter Ricaldone'' Rector Major from 1932 to 1951 Peter Ricaldone, the fourth successor of Don Bosco, governed the Salesian Congregation for around twenty years. A man with notable gifts of intellect and government, he gave considerable impulse to the spiritual and professional formation of Salesians, to the development of institutes of higher culture (witness the Pontifical Salesian University - UPS),missionary expansion, to catechetical and apologetic animation, to publishing and Mass Media enterprises, and to many other sizeable initiatives :'''ricavi''':''revenues'' (accounting) :'''Ricceri, Luigi''':''Luigi Ricceri'' Rector Major from 1965 to 1977 Luigi Ricceri was a Sicilian. From the moment of his election he clearly and succinctly declared what would become his basic programme of government: 'Forward with Don Bosco alive today, in order to respond to the needs of our time and the expectations of the Church'. He pursued this intention consistently through to the end of his mandate, on the eve of which Fr Ricceri again reaffirmed: 'The objects of our mission is the young, thrust by our era into a position of central importance. They have become an explosive and uncontainable force'. His period as Rector Major, at a time of social and cultural upheaval, was accompanied by and tested right from the start by the strong youth reactions of the 60's Besides the young themselves, these times also involved the many institutions connected with them: schools and associations, educators and legislators, state and ecclesial bodies :'''ricoverati''':''obs.'' ''poor boys, boys given shelter'' :'''ridimensionamento''':''redimensioning'' Became part of Salesian vocabulary from GC 19 onwards, where it was referred to as a controlled development of all our works :'''Rifugio''':''The Refuge'' In Salesian parlance a reference to the establishment run by the Marchioness Barolo in Turin where DB first began his pastoral ministry. Its full title was ''Opera Pia sotto la protezione di Maria Vergine Rifugium Peccatorum''. In English this could be rendered as ''The Home of Our Lady, Refuge of Sinners'' :'''rilanciare''':''relaunch, or reivigorate'' :'''Rinaldi, Filippo''':''Philip Rinaldi'' 1856-1931. Followed Fr. Rua as Rector Major. We refer to Rinaldi by his anglicised Christian name but tend to retain ''Don'' instead of 'Fr'. This seems to be a traditional fact. The person is well-known so we anglicise the Christian name, but we keep the traditional 'end' of the term by calling him 'Don Philip Rinaldi'. Beatified in 1990 :'''risignificazione''':''giving new meaning or importance to'' As with many Italian substantives it is best not translated by a single noun :'''rispetto umano''':''human respect'' :'''ritiratezza''':''flight from the world, withdrawal from the world, aloofness from the world'' While the word appears but 6 times in this form in the ''Memoirs of the Oratory'', it becomes a key interpretative concept for Don Bosco's personal spirituality :'''ritiro, ritiro mensile, trimestrale''':''(Monthly)(Quarterly) Recollection'' :'''ritorno alle fonti''':''return to the sources'' A term belonging to ''Perfectae Caritatis'', Vatican II, in reference to the renewal of Religious Life. In this document is it especially a return to the Word of God and the Liturgy, but also to the first inspirations of the Founder :'''rivitalizzazione endogena''':''revitalisation from within'' This term, in its Italian original indicated above, is one of three, and the most important one of the three objectives for Project Europe. It refers to the revitalisation of the Salesian charism amongst Salesians and within Salesians themselves :'''RSE''':[PT] ''Rede Salesiana de Escolas, or Salesian Schools Network, Brazil'' :'''Rua, Michele''':''Michael Rua'' 1837-1910, first successor of St John Bosco. English refers to him as Don Rua, Don Michael Rua. We Anglicise the Christian name since he is so well known, but keep the Italian Don as a traditional reference. That does not stop anyone from referring to him as Fr Rua of course. Beatified 1972 :'''Rualink''':''Rualink'' An email news-link emanating from the GBR Province. It goes not only to members of this province but to other parts of the English-speaking world, though mainly deals with information relating to GBR