C

:'''Codex Iuris Canonici CIC''':[LA] ''Code of Canon Law'' :'''collaboratore''':''collaborator, partner, lay partner, helper, co-worker'' (according to context) :'''Colle Don Bosco''':''the hill'', literally, but remains untranslated - a place name applied today for where Don Bosco was born. Today it refers to the entire complex of buildings and memories of Don Bosco's childhood and is a place of pilgrimage dominated by the large Basilica :'''collegio''':''(boarding) college'' The term today may translate simply as college, but in Salesian contexts it has always implied boarders. Be aware that in the US 'college' would be an inaccurate rendition, applying as it does only to a post-secondary institution. The 'invention' of the Salesian ''collegio'' was a significant development in DB's later period. It gives rise to ''collegializzazione'' in Italian, barely translatable in English but referring to a significant shift in Salesian work including during Don Bosco's time, when he began to respond to requests for boarding schools :'''colloquio''':''friendly talk'' What Salesians once called the ''rendiconto''. An institutionalied form of contact between the Rector and the individuals in the community :'''colonia''':''camp'' In Salesian usage this refers normally to a summer camp or a school camp. While at one level they are like little colonies (these are often found, for example, in the Alpine areas in Italy, or at the seaside in places like Sicily) it would not be the correct term for translation purposes. These palces are school camps or camps for young people. :'''Commissione Ispettoriale per la Formazione''':''Province Formation Commission'' And similarly for other provincial commissions such as Communications, Youth Ministry, Salesian Family... :'''Comollo, Luigi''':''Louis Comollo'' John Bosco's best friend as a boy, whom he met in the 5th year of high school (''Retorica'', ''Ginnasiale'') 1833-4, and whose life he wrote up as one of his first books concerning the life of holiness he wanted to encourage amongst the boys at the Oratory in Valdocco :'''compagnia''':''sodality'' The Sodality of the Immaculate Conception, of the Blessed Sacrament, of St. Joseph, of St. Aloysius. Also (in reference to the Oratory) the ''Piccolo Clero'' (altar boys), and Conference of St. Vincent de Paul started by Don Bosco at the Oratory in 1854 or 1855. The term ''compagnia'' reflects the post-Tridentine nomenclature of religious associations. To render it in English as 'company' today may lead to confusion with a business model :'''compagno'':''schoolmate, friend, companion'' While it is nearly always possible to translate ''compagno'' with companion, the sense of the term in English can often be simply 'friend' :'''competenza professionale''':''professional ability, competence'' The term is found in two contexts in Salesian documentation, either as an objective of education, or as a necessary quality of the educator. In this latter sense it is synonymous with other competencies, such as pastoral and pedagogical competence :'''comune''':''town, municipality'' Applied generally to a larger entity than a ''frazione'' - Castelnuovo D'Asti (as it was in DB's time) could be called a ''comune'' in which case it may include all the smaller habitations that come under it - a parish in the secular as well as the ecclesiastical :'''comunicazione sociale''':''social communication, or simnply, at times, communication'' An ecclesial term stemming from the Decree ''Inter Mirifica'' Vat II. It is not true that the term 'social communication' should always be glossed as 'media' in English. Often it can be and certainly in non-formal, non-specific reference, but the Church has made a point of using this term and has its own clear meaning for it :'''comunione''':''communion'' While the translation is obvious, the meaning these days is more likely to refer to something like the spirit of communion and solidarity, or a deep sense of communion in the fraternal community. In Don Bosco's usage it would have meant the Sacrament of Holy COmmunion :'''comunione e condivisione''':''communion and sharing'' The term was especially selected for emphasis by GC24 in relationships between Salesians and laity in carrying out the mission and living in the spirit of Don Bosco. This is manifested particularly in the EPC (EducAtive and Pastoral Community) :'''comunione ecclesiale''':''ecclesial communion'' The core teaching of Vatican II. The term, but not the concept, was unknown to Don Bosco. Fr Viganò and subsequent Rectors Major helped Salesians to re-read Salesian experience in the light of this term :'''comunione fraterna''':'fraternal communion or, at times, fellowship'' Where once we would have used the term 'common life', we now speak of 'fraternal communion'. It is one element amongst several others, of the Gospel project of life: evangelical counsels, apostolic mission, fraternal communion and spirituality :'''comunità''':''community'' Juridically there is a distinction between community and house. The community implies members who live in the same residence. The house, on the other hand, is the entire complex of people, works, goods, buildings :'''Comunità di accoglienza vocazionale''':''Vocational Guidance Centre'' In fact this term is difficult to translate into English, since such a 'centre' might well not be residential, yet the Italian term would necessarily imply residence, at least for some brief periods :'''comunità educativa pastorale CEP''':''Eductaive and Pastoral Community, EPC'' The term describes an entity broader than the Salesian community but with the Salesian Community as animating nucleus :'''comunità formatrice''':''formation community'' Can be used in a more general sense to refer to the Province or the Salesian community, since formation is an constant factor throughout life :'''comunità locale''':''local community'' Normal term of reference used in the Constitutions to refer to the juridical public person that is the religious house. There is a distinction between local, provincial and world communities. The term 'community' implies relationships between people rather than a static structure or material goods :'''comunità salesiana''':''Salesian community'' The term may refer to a particular community or to the Salesian community in its worldwide dimension :'''condizione''':''situation, circumstance'' Not always to be glossed as 'condition'. It often refers to social status e.g. lower class, poor, whatever. GC 23 studied the youth situation or youth reality: ''condizione giovanile'' :'''Confederazione Mondiale Exallievi/e Don Bosco''':''World Confederation of Past Pupils of Don Bosco'' The president is known as the Confederal President. Note the 'of Don Bosco.' All Salesian Past Pupils have this distinctive addition - not just past pupils, PP of Don Bosco :'''conferenza''':''conference'' Don Bosco used the term from his earliest practical intentions to form a permanent group around him. He was already gathering young men like Rua and Cagliero in 1852, giving them 'conferenze'. There was the famous 'conferenza d'adesione' on 18 December 1859 when he had invited some 17 or so young men to openly form the Congregation of St. Francis de Sales :'''Conferenza delle Ispettorie Salesiane d'Italia CISI''':''Conference of Italian Salesian Provinces'' And other similar groups of provinces (conferences) around the world :'''Conferenza di S. Vincenzo de' Paoli''':''St. Vincent de Paul Conference'' Begun by Don Bosco at the Oratory in 1854 or '55, based on that founded by Vincent de Paul :'''Conferenza Interispettoriale Italiana''':''Interprovincial Conference, Italy'' :'''conferenza ispettoriale''':''provincial conference'' A group of provinces (term adopted first at the 19th GC) :'''confessione''':''Conffession'' In Don Bosco's time it was simply 'confession' or the 'Sacrament of Penance,' and remained so until Vatican II. Nowadays we refer to it more often as Reconciliation or Sacrament of Reconciliation. Confession and Communion were the two pillars of education for DB :'''confessione e comunione''':''Confession and Communion'' :'''confessore''':''confessor'' In Salesian discourse this would usually be the priest who hears confessions, and is pronounced with the accent on the 'con.' An entirely different meaning is attached to the word in Church history, as a category of ultimate witness, not a martyr :'''confidenza''':''confidence'' An important term for Don Bosco who frequently recommended confidence in one's confessor, confidence in the Superior, confidence in Mary Most Holy, confidence in God the loving Father :'''confratello'':''confrere'' The term confrere (plural confreres) has been anglicised from the French, without accents, and is used in connection with brothers in religious life :'''Confronto''':''Youth Meeting'' (but with specific reference to a European gathering of young people from the Salesian Youth Movement) Some parts of the English speaking world would say ''Youth Gather'' or ''Youth Meet''. These is not standard forms. 'Gather' has sense of a sports meeting on those rare occasions when it is used as a noun :'''confronto''':''discussion, contact, analysis, facing, look at, assessment, reference, consideration'' The term ''confronto'' (small 'c') as often employed in Salesian texts today appears in collocation with a variety of prepositions (e.g. ''a confronto di..''), but not necessarily. However, it can receive a variety of glosses in English, perhaps none of them suggesting the idea of confrontation as the word might seem to suggest :'''congregati''':''obs.'' ''gathered members'' Term employed by Don Bosco to distinguish members who lived in as religious from other extern members. The term is now only of historical interest :'''congregazione''':''congregation'' Usually in sense of The Congregation (SDB), when capitalised. Not used of the FMAs, who prefer ''Institute'' :'''consacrazione''':''consecration'' Refers to an act on God's part rather than human endeavour. In Salesian tradition, an earlier meaning of human endeavour was predominant, such as the Salesian consecration to the Heart of Jesus by Don Rua in 1900 and to Mary Help of Christians in 1918 by his successor. This kind of language was part of Leo XIII's vocabulary :'''consacrazione religiosa''':''religious consecration'' Synonymous terms: ''sequela Christi'', ''apostolic consecration'', ''religious profession''. It is about the Lord who calls, in love, freely, and who gives a person the grace to respond in love :'''consenso''':''consent, consensus'' In English the word can be glossed, according to context, also as 'consensus', but this implies a group mutual agreement, as in a Council agreeing to a proposal by the Provincial. There are times when this consensus (which amounts to consent) must be sought by secret vote, e.g. when a member seeks permission for temporary absence from the Religious House :'''consigliere''':''councillor'' Governing role e.g. at local level or world level :'''consigliere di orientamento''':''counsellor'' As in a school counsellor. Another terms used by the State (Italy) is ''assistente sociale'' which is probably more of a social worker :'''consigliere generale''':''general councillor'' Generic term for one elected to a role on the General Council, though often distinguished from Sector Councillors who are also general councillors :'''consigliere scolastico''':''prefect of studies'' Largely obsolete now as a term :'''consiglio della comunità''':''council of the community, community council'' Often called simply though possibly incorrectly, 'house council' :'''consiglio della opera''':''Parish Council... (etc according to the kind of work'' Something of a problem to correctly express in English. Definitely NOT 'council of the work' :'''Consiglio Generale''':''General Council'' The current term for the group who closely assist the Rector Major in his task of animation and government :'''consiglio superiore''':''obs.'' ''Superior Council'' :'''consiglio ispettoriale''':''Provincial Council'' A body of reflection and pastoral decision which collaborates with the provincial in all that concerns the animation and government of the province :'''consigli evangelici''':''evangelical counsels'' The more complete phrase encountered by Salesians in their texts is "the practice of the evangelical counsels", or "the profession of the evangelical counsels". The term evangelical counsels is synonymous with the vows :'''Consiglio mondiale''':''World Council'' Salesian Cooperators have a World Council (and a provincial council, local council) :'''consistenza qualitativa e quantitativa''':''the right quality and number'' The more Latinate and literal gloss (qualitative and quantitative) is to be avoided :'''consulta''':''advisory council (body, group, committee)'' These bodies exist at a range of levels in the Congregation - world, regional and provincial, at least :'''Consulta Mondiale''':''world advisory council'' There are a number of such advisory councils for different sectors of Salesian activity :'''consultazione''':''consultation'' A form of discernment in use in religious life especially :'''contabilità generale''':''accounting'' :'''contemplazione''':''contemplation'' :'''contestazione''':''dissent'' 1968 was the classic year of student dissent throughout Europe, with huge student demonstrations and battles between progressives and others :'''conti economici'':''profit and loss account'' (accounting) :'''contributo annuale''':''quota'' The appropriate financial contribution which each Salesian community gives each year for the needs of the province. Cf. R 197 :'''convento''':''convent'' This term is used sometimes to designate the Salesian residence. Elsewhere it is generally restricted in its use (in English) to the residence of female religious :'''convitto''':''boarding school'' The term was common in the 19th Century to indicate boarding or resident schools. DB often uses ''ospizio'' to mean similarly, also a boarding institution but generally for the underprivileged. The ''convitto'' developed into a ''convitto-collegio'' or boarding school for Don Bosco within a very few years :'''Convitto Ecclesiastico''':''Pastoral Institute (of Turin), Ecclesiastical College (or, simply, The Convitto)'' Full title: ''Convitto Ecclesiastico di San Francesco d'Assisi'', where John Bosco enrolled in 1841 :'''convivenza umana''':''human society'' :'''Coordinatore provinciale''':''Provincial coordinator'' A term belonging to the Salesian Cooperators' structure of governance :'''(Salesiano/a) Cooperatore/trice''':''Salesian Cooperator'' The Italian term now in use (officially recognised in the 2007 RVA [PAL in English] is ''Salesiano Cooperatore'' or more often than not in its plural form ''Salesiani Cooperatori''. While the change is not significant for English, it is hugely so for Italian, where ''Salesiano'' is understood in this phrase to be a noun rather than an adjective. ''Cooperatore'' becomes the qualifier :'''Coordinatore generale''':''Coordinator General'' The term is applied to the leader at world level of the Salesian Cooperators :'''coraggio''':''courage'' :'''Corpo di Cristo''':''Body of Christ'' This well-known ecclesial image has a number of synonyms: Church, Universal Sacrament of salvation, Temple of the Spirit, People of God. It has an older, more complete form as The Mystical Body of Christ :'''correzione fraterna''':''fraternal correction'' :'''cor unum et anima una''':[L] ''one heart and soul'' In Italian, ''cuor solo e anima sola''. We find the phrase first of all in Don Bosco's introduction to the life of St Dominic Savio. We then find it again in the Letter from Rome where he is addressing the problems of the Oratory spirit. Again it appears in Don Bosco's spiritual testament as a description of the way members of a community should be in unity with their rector. :'''coscienza''':''conscience'' When Don Bosco employs this term it is almost always in terms of the moral faculty of the individual, hence he talks of matters of conscience. He quotes Pius IX as telling him of the necessity of vows for the fledgling Salesian Congregation so that members would be bound by bonds of conscience with their superior :'''Costituzione, Cost.''':''Constitutions; C.'' The term came into use from 13th Century. Prior to that it was simply called a 'Rule'. The Fourth Lateran COuncil (1215) had determined that the only three Rules recognised were the Basilian, Augustinian and Benedictine Rules. All subsequent foundations were based on these. But to meet local circumstances, they produced 'constitutions'. Gradually, these came to be recognised as, in fact, the 'rule' by which the group was living :'''crescita umana''':''growth of the person, human development'' A term found frequently in Salesian contemporary literature which treats of the focus on the development of the human being as human - either in terms of formation or as part of the ministry to the young, involving them in their own growth as responsible agents :'''Cristo, l'uomo perfetto''':''Christ the perfect man'' Apart from its Scriptural connotations (Rm 12:2), the phrase, drawn from the Salesian Constitutions (C. 31), was employed by GC23 as part of its understanding of Salesian Youth Spirituality :'''cristologia salesiana''':''Salesian Christology'' A term first employed by Fr Pascual Chavez :'''Criteri e norme di discernimento vocazionale salesiano''':''Criteria and Norms for Salesian Vocational Discernment'' A complement to the 'Formation of the Salesians of Don Bosco. Principles and Norms' :'''criterio oratoriano''':''Oratory criterion'' Fundamental criterion (or criteria in plural) drawn from the Oratory experience and codified in C. 40 :'''croce''':''Cross'' :'''cronaca della casa''':''House chronicle'' In the ''Biographical Memoirs'' we find a conference by DB to Rectors, 2nd Feb 1876, where he recommends the keeping of a chronicle in each House. The House chronicle, then, is a characteristic feature of the Salesian Family. ''Chronicle'' is not to be confused with ''memoir''. A chronicle is a record produced at or near the time of the event. A memoir instead is a record produced by an eyewitness at times long after the event :'''Crònicchetta''':''Little Chronicle'' (if indeed it is translated at all) :'''cultura''':''culture'' :'''cultura dei media''':''media culture'' :'''cuore oratoriano''':''oratorian heart'' A part of common Salesian parlance since Fr Viganò or more correctly since GC21 (but still Fr Vigano speaking) :'''curatorium''':[L] ''curatorium'' The body of provincials from provinces which share responsibility for a studentate. The purpose is to define rights and duties of provinces, the role of the local provincial and the areas and forms of collaboration :'''curia''':[L] ''Chancery'' Best not to gloss as ''curia'', but to use ''chancery'' when the reference is to a diocesan group